Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 - Ebook written by Winston Groom. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847.xiv, 310 p. : 25 cm Includes bibliographical references (p. [283]-294) A people in motion -- Mr. Polk gets his war -- The Pathfinder -- True west -- Kearny's march -- The Santa Fe Trail -- Some days you eat the bear; some days the bear eats you -- "The dogs bark, but the caravan moves on" -- In old Monterey -- Literally dancing on air -- Doniphan's Expedition -- The fight of their lives -- The ...Dec 13, 2020 · “Kearny had just crossed the desert from Yuma, making the trip in seven days. From a military point of view it was a remarkable march then, and it is a remarkable march today.” Local History ... Dividing his forces, Kearny left 800 men under Colonel Sterling Price to occupy New Mexico, and ordered Alexander W. Doniphan to march south with a second contingent of 800 men to El Paso. With 300 dragoons Kearny set out for California in late September, 1846. Jan 4, 2023 · Groom follows Kearny''s 2,000-mile march from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to California, providing wonderful stories about the soldiers'' progress through a rugged, wildly changing landscape." -- Kirkus Reviews, Praise for Winston Groom''s Kearny''s March : "Readable and engaging. . . . Groom is a masterful storyteller. . . . xiv, 310 p. : 25 cm Includes bibliographical references (p. [283]-294) A people in motion -- Mr. Polk gets his war -- The Pathfinder -- True west -- Kearny's march -- The Santa Fe Trail -- Some days you eat the bear; some days the bear eats you -- "The dogs bark, but the caravan moves on" -- In old Monterey -- Literally dancing on air -- Doniphan's Expedition -- The fight of their lives -- The ...Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 - Ebook written by Winston Groom. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847.Dividing his forces, Kearny left 800 men under Colonel Sterling Price to occupy New Mexico, and ordered Alexander W. Doniphan to march south with a second contingent of 800 men to El Paso. With 300 dragoons Kearny set out for California in late September, 1846. Groom follows Kearny’s 2,000-mile march from Fort Leavenworth, Kan., to California, providing wonderful stories about the soldiers’ progress through a rugged, wildly changing landscape. Kearny’s march was only the most conspicuous example of the western exodus.Sep 7, 2022 · In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the Mexican government, to annex Texas. Apr 14, 2022 · The American force, which both Stockton and Kearny claimed to command, then defeated Flores’s Californios at the Battle of Río San Gabriel on January 8, 1847, and routed the Mexicans at the Battle of La Mesa the next day. The victors’ subsequent march into Los Angeles definitively settled ownership of California in favor of the United ... Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, ... by Groom, MR Winston at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Novelist and popular historian Winston Groom's readable and engaging Kearny's March vividly portrays that "Year of Decision," as it's been called, depicting it as "The Epic Creation of the ...Nov 6, 2012 · A thrilling re-creation of a crucial campaign in the Mexican-American War and a pivotal moment in America's history. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with a thousand cavalrymen of the First United States Dragoons. When his fantastic expedition ended a year and two-thousand miles later, the nation had doubled in si Jun 13, 2023 · Groom follows Kearny''s 2,000-mile march from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to California, providing wonderful stories about the soldiers'' progress through a rugged, wildly changing landscape." -- Kirkus Reviews, Praise for Winston Groom''s Kearny''s March : "Readable and engaging. . . . Groom is a masterful storyteller. . . . Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 is written by Winston Groom and published by Knopf. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for Kearny's March are 9780307701411, 0307701417 and the print ISBNs are 9780307270962, 0307270963. AbeBooks.com: Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 (9780307455741) by Groom, Winston and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices.Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Groom, Win at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!xiv, 310 p. : 25 cm Includes bibliographical references (p. [283]-294) A people in motion -- Mr. Polk gets his war -- The Pathfinder -- True west -- Kearny's march -- The Santa Fe Trail -- Some days you eat the bear; some days the bear eats you -- "The dogs bark, but the caravan moves on" -- In old Monterey -- Literally dancing on air -- Doniphan's Expedition -- The fight of their lives -- The ...Dec 2, 2011 · Winston Groom's new book, Kearny's March, is the story of a year (1846-47) as related through the personal vignettes of several historic figures. Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846–1847, by Winston Groom, Knopf, New York, 2011, $27.95. Kearny's March. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the ...Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 is written by Winston Groom and published by Knopf. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for Kearny's March are 9780307701411, 0307701417 and the print ISBNs are 9780307270962, 0307270963. Dividing his forces, Kearny left 800 men under Colonel Sterling Price to occupy New Mexico, and ordered Alexander W. Doniphan to march south with a second contingent of 800 men to El Paso. With 300 dragoons Kearny set out for California in late September, 1846.Amazon.com: Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847: 9780307270962: Groom, Winston: Librosxiv, 310 p. : 25 cm Includes bibliographical references (p. [283]-294) A people in motion -- Mr. Polk gets his war -- The Pathfinder -- True west -- Kearny's march -- The Santa Fe Trail -- Some days you eat the bear; some days the bear eats you -- "The dogs bark, but the caravan moves on" -- In old Monterey -- Literally dancing on air -- Doniphan's Expedition -- The fight of their lives -- The ...Groom follows Kearny''s 2,000-mile march from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to California, providing wonderful stories about the soldiers'' progress through a rugged, wildly changing landscape." -- Kirkus Reviews, Praise for Winston Groom''s Kearny''s March : "Readable and engaging. . . . Groom is a masterful storyteller. . . .Summary: "In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the Mexican government, to annex Texas. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Dec 18, 2011 · That could have been the opening paragraph of this book, but it’s one of the very last instead. Yet it sums up what the book is really about — not just Gen. Stephen Watts Kearny’s march from ... Kearny's March. A thrilling re-creation of a crucial campaign in the Mexican-American War and a pivotal moment in America's history. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with a thousand cavalrymen of the First United States Dragoons. When his fantastic expedition ended a year and two-thousand miles ... "In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the Mexican government, to annex Texas. After Mexico declared war on ...Kearny's March. A thrilling re-creation of a crucial campaign in the Mexican-American War and a pivotal moment in America's history. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with a thousand cavalrymen of the First United States Dragoons. When his fantastic expedition ended a year and two-thousand miles ... Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 - Ebook written by Winston Groom. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847. Oct 31, 2022 · Featured Read . Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 “This book focuses on General Stephen Kearny’s march from Ft Leavenworth to Santa Fe and then California in pursuit of President’ Knox’s prosecution of the war that would double our country and largely fulfill the vision of Manifest Destiny. Check out this great listen on Audible.com. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over...Jun 23, 2023 · Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Winston Gro at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Check out this great listen on Audible.com. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over...Even fiction guides could possibly get out-dated in some cases|Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 So you must develop eBooks Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 speedy if you need to gain your dwelling this fashion|Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 The ... As part of its strategy to gain control of Mexico's northern provinces, the War Department ordered Colonel Stephen Watts Kearny to seize New Mexico. He then received new orders from Washington, promoting him to the rank of brigadier general and instructing him to aid in the conquest of California. For more information, see Kearny's March.Aug 25, 2022 · Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Groom, Win at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Kearny's march : the epic creation of the American West, 1846-1847 / "In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California.General ( ) arrived and joined forces with the US Navy to complete the conquest of ( ) KEARNY CALIFORNIA. The war with Mexico was also going on in the territory of. ( ) and in Mexico. TEXAS. In September 1846, General ( )'s troops captured the city of Monterrey. TAYLOR. ( ) did not honor an agreement made with Polk to end war and led troops in ... Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 - Ebook written by Winston Groom. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847. arriving from San Diego, reached Kearny’s men and escorted them to San Diego. On December 29, a combined force of Stockton’s and Kearny’s men, the California Battalion, and some Californios sympathetic to the American cause set out for Los Angeles. In early January, General José Maria Flores, commander of the Mexican Militia, proposedGroom follows Kearny''s 2,000-mile march from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to California, providing wonderful stories about the soldiers'' progress through a rugged, wildly changing landscape." -- Kirkus Reviews, Praise for Winston Groom''s Kearny''s March : "Readable and engaging. . . . Groom is a masterful storyteller. . . .Summary: "In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the Mexican government, to annex Texas. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March : The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-184 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Jan 16, 2023 · Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Groom, Winston Pages can have notes/highlighting. Spine may show signs of wear. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less </p> The book's main focus is the incredible march west by Gen. Stephen Watts Kearny in 1846, but significant parallel themes include the Mexican War, the Mormon exodus, the Santa Fe and Oregon trails, the Donner Party, and the conquest of California. These are all well-known events and have been oft-related through the years.Winston Groom recounts General Stephen Watts Kearney's command of 2,000 American soldiers who marched from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to California in 1846. G...Kearny's March book. Read 53 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenwo...Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Winston Gro at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!arriving from San Diego, reached Kearny’s men and escorted them to San Diego. On December 29, a combined force of Stockton’s and Kearny’s men, the California Battalion, and some Californios sympathetic to the American cause set out for Los Angeles. In early January, General José Maria Flores, commander of the Mexican Militia, proposed Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 is written by Winston Groom and published by Knopf. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for Kearny's March are 9780307701411, 0307701417 and the print ISBNs are 9780307270962, 0307270963. arriving from San Diego, reached Kearny’s men and escorted them to San Diego. On December 29, a combined force of Stockton’s and Kearny’s men, the California Battalion, and some Californios sympathetic to the American cause set out for Los Angeles. In early January, General José Maria Flores, commander of the Mexican Militia, proposedKearny's march : the epic creation of the American West, 1846-1847 / "In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California.160 years ago today, the Battle of Williamsburg erupts in a driving rainstorm. Leading elements of the Army of the Potomac catch Johnston's retreating column... Audiobook. $0.00 Free with your 3-Month Audible trial. A thrilling re-creation of a crucial campaign in the Mexican-American War and a pivotal moment in America's history. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with a thousand cavalrymen of the First United States Dragoons.Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 at Amazon.com. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Amazon.com: Customer reviews: Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the Mexican government, to annex Texas. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March : The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Winston Groom (2012, Trade Paperback) at the best online prices at eBay!Winston Groom's new book, Kearny's March, is the story of a year (1846-47) as related through the personal vignettes of several historic figures. Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846–1847, by Winston Groom, Knopf, New York, 2011, $27.95.Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Groom, Winston Pages can have notes/highlighting. Spine may show signs of wear. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less </p>Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March : The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-184 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Kearny's March. A thrilling re-creation of a crucial campaign in the Mexican-American War and a pivotal moment in America's history. In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with a thousand cavalrymen of the First United States Dragoons. When his fantastic expedition ended a year and two-thousand miles ...Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March : The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-184 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Kearny's march : the epic creation of the American West, 1846-1847 / "In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California.Date 2011 Author Groom, Winston 1944-Subject Kearny, Stephen Watts 1794-1848 Contents A people in motion -- Mr. Polk gets his war -- The Pathfinder -- True west -- Kearny's march -- The Santa Fe Trail -- Some days you eat the bear; some days the bear eats you -- "The dogs bark, but the caravan moves on" -- In old Monterey -- Literally dancing on air -- Doniphan's Expedition -- The fight of ... That could have been the opening paragraph of this book, but it’s one of the very last instead. Yet it sums up what the book is really about — not just Gen. Stephen Watts Kearny’s march from ...Oct 31, 2022 · Featured Read . Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 “This book focuses on General Stephen Kearny’s march from Ft Leavenworth to Santa Fe and then California in pursuit of President’ Knox’s prosecution of the war that would double our country and largely fulfill the vision of Manifest Destiny. Dec 23, 2022 · Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Oct 22, 2009 · Any men belonging to the Dragoon command, who, on the 25th inst. May be too sick to commence the march to California, will be left in charge of Surgeon De Camp, in this City. Those who may have sufficiently recovered after the departure of Capt. Allen—™s command for California, will accompany it, to join their respective Companies. Even fiction guides could possibly get out-dated in some cases|Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 So you must develop eBooks Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 speedy if you need to gain your dwelling this fashion|Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 The ... Find Kearny\'s March by Groom, Winston at Biblio. Uncommonly good collectible and rare books from uncommonly good booksellers"In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the Mexican government, to annex Texas. After Mexico declared war on ... Groom recounts the amazing adventure and danger that General Stephen Watts Kearny and his troops encountered, intertwining with Kit Carson, Brigham Young and his Mormon followers, and the infamous Donner Party. Together, they come across fierce Indians, political intrigue, gold rushes, and landgrabs. Some returned in glory, others in shackles.Jun 13, 2023 · Groom follows Kearny''s 2,000-mile march from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to California, providing wonderful stories about the soldiers'' progress through a rugged, wildly changing landscape." -- Kirkus Reviews, Praise for Winston Groom''s Kearny''s March : "Readable and engaging. . . . Groom is a masterful storyteller. . . . Sep 7, 2022 · In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the Mexican government, to annex Texas. As part of its strategy to gain control of Mexico's northern provinces, the War Department ordered Colonel Stephen Watts Kearny to seize New Mexico. He then received new orders from Washington, promoting him to the rank of brigadier general and instructing him to aid in the conquest of California. For more information, see Kearny's March. Dec 2, 2011 · Winston Groom's new book, Kearny's March, is the story of a year (1846-47) as related through the personal vignettes of several historic figures. Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846–1847, by Winston Groom, Knopf, New York, 2011, $27.95. Brief Summary of Book: Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Winston Groom. Here is a quick description and cover image of book Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 written by Winston Groom which was published in 2011-1-1. You can read this before Kearny’s March: The Epic ...Winston Groom recounts General Stephen Watts Kearney's command of 2,000 American soldiers who marched from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to California in 1846. G...
I'm about to finish reading a book called "Kearny's March" concerning the Mexican War mainly in New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Northern Mexico. It's a pretty good read. It covers a few people who later serve in the Civil War. Sterling Price plays a big part. I had always wondered why he.... Mandt checking account offers
Kearny's march : the epic creation of the American West, 1846-1847 / "In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California.Dec 13, 2020 · “Kearny had just crossed the desert from Yuma, making the trip in seven days. From a military point of view it was a remarkable march then, and it is a remarkable march today.” Local History ... “Kearny had just crossed the desert from Yuma, making the trip in seven days. From a military point of view it was a remarkable march then, and it is a remarkable march today.” Local History ...Kearny's March has all the stuff of great narrative history: hardships on the trail, wild Indians, famous mountain men, international conflict and political intrigue, personal dramas, gold rushes and land-grabs. Winston Groom plumbs the wealth of primary documentation--journals and letters, as well as military records--and gives us a sleek ...THE TRAIL OF KEARNY’S “ARMY OF THE WEST,” 1846-47. Early in the Mexican War, Colonel Stephen Watts Kearny was ordered to raise an army and march out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to points west. Kearny’s orders were to seize the Mexican province of New Mexico and then send divisions of his “Army of the West” into California and Mexico. Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 is written by Winston Groom and published by Knopf. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for Kearny's March are 9780307701411, 0307701417 and the print ISBNs are 9780307270962, 0307270963.Dec 13, 2020 · “Kearny had just crossed the desert from Yuma, making the trip in seven days. From a military point of view it was a remarkable march then, and it is a remarkable march today.” Local History ... The New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority (NJSEA), which owns the site, was fined on March 1, 2019 because of a violation of the federal Air Pollution Control Act. This law prohibits the emission of hydrogen sulfide in concentration levels greater than 30 parts per billion over a 30 minute-period. Since NJSEA was fined, hydrogen sulfide ... Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March : The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-184 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!Brief Summary of Book: Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Winston Groom. Here is a quick description and cover image of book Kearny’s March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 written by Winston Groom which was published in 2011-1-1. You can read this before Kearny’s March: The Epic ...Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kearny's March : The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-184 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!The American force, which both Stockton and Kearny claimed to command, then defeated Flores’s Californios at the Battle of Río San Gabriel on January 8, 1847, and routed the Mexicans at the Battle of La Mesa the next day. The victors’ subsequent march into Los Angeles definitively settled ownership of California in favor of the United ...Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846-1847 by Groom, Winston [Vintage, 2012] (Paperback) [Paperback] [Groom] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on ... K of the First Dragoons, who with General Kearny and his staff made the entire march from Fort Leavenworth to San Diego?a march only equalled in our history by that of the Mormon Battalion in 1846-47. General Kearny's staff that rode with him into San Diego included Major Thomas Swords, quartermaster, Captain Henry Smith Turner, Sep 7, 2022 · In June 1846, General Stephen Watts Kearny rode out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, with two thousand soldiers, bound for California. At the time, the nation was hell-bent on expansion: James K. Polk had lately won the presidency by threatening England over the borders in Oregon, while Congress had just voted, in defiance of the Mexican government, to annex Texas. .